Time interval is 5 minute. The format is mm/dd/yyyy.

For measuring air temperature, the sensor used was a Vaisala HMP45C.

Apogee SI-111 infrared sensor was used for surface temperature recording.

CFDM is an adaptation of the traditional Cumulative Freezing Degree Days. CFDM represents the cumulative sum of the air temperature differences below freezing point, calculated at more frequent intervals (here, every 5 minutes) rather than daily.

Relative humidity was recorded using a Vaisala HMP45C sensor.

Wind speed was recorded using a Gill WindSonic Anemometer.

Normalized Radar Cross Section (NRCS) values collected using a surface-based C-band (5.5 GHz) scatterometer, at 25° incidence angle and 30° azimuth swaths in VV polarization.

Normalized Radar Cross Section (NRCS) values collected using a surface-based C-band (5.5 GHz) scatterometer, at 25° incidence angle and 30° azimuth swaths in HH polarization.

Normalized Radar Cross Section (NRCS) values collected using a surface-based C-band (5.5 GHz) scatterometer, at 25° incidence angle and 30° azimuth swaths in HV polarization.

Physical samples of ice surface were collected and melted and the conductivity and temperature of the melt of each sample were measured using a conductivity meter, Thermo Scientific Orion Star A212. The sample salinities were calculated from the conductivity, according to the formulation of Fofonoff.

Physical samples of ice cover features were collected and melted and the conductivity and temperature of the melt of each sample were measured using a conductivity meter, Thermo Scientific Orion Star A212. The sample salinities were calculated from the conductivity, according to the formulation of Fofonoff. Cover salinity in this dataset referred to frost flower and bare ice.

Physical samples of ice cores were collected and melted and the conductivity and temperature of the melt of each sample were measured using a conductivity meter, Thermo Scientific Orion Star A212. The sample salinities were calculated from the conductivity, according to the formulation of Fofonoff.

The height of the frost flowers on ice was measured in different spots of the data site using an exact ruler.

This was the target parameter that was observed during the experiment from early stages of formation (1 cm) to a thin layer of ice (8 cm). This was measured and recorded using professional augers and tapes.